Volume 19, Issue No. 1 (Serial No. 37) Developing Strategies for Youth Exercise and Sports
Feature: Developing Strategies for Youth Exercise and Sports
Exercise Participation of the Youth in Hong Kong - Wing-sum WONG
Wing-sum WONG
Executive Director & Appointed Lecturer
Physical Fitness Association of Hong Kong, China
【Abstract】 The paper noted that only a small proportion of young people in Hong Kong attain optimum amounts of physical activities as recommended by a universally recognized authority. Most of the young people even perceive the adequate amount of physical activity incorrectly. “Unpopular”, “newly developing”, “revived” as well as “trendy” sport and exercise should not be ignored in Hong Kong. Young people should be provided with more opportunities to participate in organized exercise training. Exercise habits should be nurtured from infancy. Material, institutional, behavioural as well as psychological factors should be considered in the development of an exercise culture.
Keywords: exercise habits; physical activity level; youth sports; exercise culture
Executive Director & Appointed Lecturer
Physical Fitness Association of Hong Kong, China
【Abstract】 The paper noted that only a small proportion of young people in Hong Kong attain optimum amounts of physical activities as recommended by a universally recognized authority. Most of the young people even perceive the adequate amount of physical activity incorrectly. “Unpopular”, “newly developing”, “revived” as well as “trendy” sport and exercise should not be ignored in Hong Kong. Young people should be provided with more opportunities to participate in organized exercise training. Exercise habits should be nurtured from infancy. Material, institutional, behavioural as well as psychological factors should be considered in the development of an exercise culture.
Keywords: exercise habits; physical activity level; youth sports; exercise culture
The Relationship Between Sports Facilities and Youth’s Engagement in Sports and Recreation - Lobo H. LOUIE
Lobo H. LOUIE
Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University
【Abstract】The Hong Kong Government paid little attention to the sports facilities development before the 1950s, and most of the sports facilities were assembled by voluntary organizations. Since the 1967 riots, the Hong Kong Government has provided more facilities for young people to engage in recreational sports. In recent years, the Government has increased its commitment to implementing a sports policy and allocated more resources for building new sports and recreational venues for the development of community sport. The present paper looks into the relationship between community sports facilities and youth physical activity.
Keywords: sports facilities; sports promotion; youth sports; sports for all
Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University
【Abstract】The Hong Kong Government paid little attention to the sports facilities development before the 1950s, and most of the sports facilities were assembled by voluntary organizations. Since the 1967 riots, the Hong Kong Government has provided more facilities for young people to engage in recreational sports. In recent years, the Government has increased its commitment to implementing a sports policy and allocated more resources for building new sports and recreational venues for the development of community sport. The present paper looks into the relationship between community sports facilities and youth physical activity.
Keywords: sports facilities; sports promotion; youth sports; sports for all
A Review of the Correlates of Adolescent Physical Activity Participation - Peggy P. Y. CHEUNG
Peggy P. Y. CHEUNG
Assistant Professor, Department of Health and Physical Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education
【Abstract】Despite the fact that physical activity participation benefits the physical and mental health of adolescents, their low level of participation was still widely reported. With the target to promote the physical activity participation of adolescents, it is necessary to understand the factors associated with their participation. This paper reviews previous studies on the correlates of adolescent physical activity participation. Reference from intervention studies in countries with different backgrounds, the author provides recommendations on how to increase to physical activity participation for local adolescents.
Keywords: adolescent; sports participation; physical activity; correlates
Assistant Professor, Department of Health and Physical Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education
【Abstract】Despite the fact that physical activity participation benefits the physical and mental health of adolescents, their low level of participation was still widely reported. With the target to promote the physical activity participation of adolescents, it is necessary to understand the factors associated with their participation. This paper reviews previous studies on the correlates of adolescent physical activity participation. Reference from intervention studies in countries with different backgrounds, the author provides recommendations on how to increase to physical activity participation for local adolescents.
Keywords: adolescent; sports participation; physical activity; correlates
Sport and Quality of Life - Jingdong LIU Chun HU
Jingdong LIU
Research Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University
Chun HU
Research Assistant, Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University
【Abstract】Quality of life has not only attracted extensive public attention, but also been widely studied by researchers from various fields in recent years. However, different approaches and methods have been developed and adopted by different groups for different purposes in their studies. Based on previous empirical findings, the current paper aims to summarize the relationship between sport and health-related quality of life among young people and further provide suggestions for promoting a physically active lifestyle and improving the health-related quality of life among young people in Hong Kong.
Keywords: sport; physical activity; quality of life; health-related quality of life; youth
Research Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University
Chun HU
Research Assistant, Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University
【Abstract】Quality of life has not only attracted extensive public attention, but also been widely studied by researchers from various fields in recent years. However, different approaches and methods have been developed and adopted by different groups for different purposes in their studies. Based on previous empirical findings, the current paper aims to summarize the relationship between sport and health-related quality of life among young people and further provide suggestions for promoting a physically active lifestyle and improving the health-related quality of life among young people in Hong Kong.
Keywords: sport; physical activity; quality of life; health-related quality of life; youth
The Strategies of Promoting Physical Education and Sports in Hong Kong - T-fai YEUNG
T-fai YEUNG
Research Fellow, SynergyNet
【Abstract】This paper will firstly discuss the similarities and differences between kinesiology and sports. Then it will briefly identify the features of other places’ promotion of kinesiology and sports in the community and explain the motives for promoting it. This paper will also evaluate the discrepancies between the ideal of promoting kinesiology and sports in the community of Hong Kong and the reality. In addition, this article will explain the causes of Hong Kong residents’ lack of physical exercise, so as to point in the direction of effective remedies for this issue. Finally, this paper will give policy and practice recommendations for promoting kinesiology and sports in the community of Hong Kong.
Keywords: promoting kinesiology and sports in the community; direct sports participation; indirect sports participation; lack of physical activity/exercise
Research Fellow, SynergyNet
【Abstract】This paper will firstly discuss the similarities and differences between kinesiology and sports. Then it will briefly identify the features of other places’ promotion of kinesiology and sports in the community and explain the motives for promoting it. This paper will also evaluate the discrepancies between the ideal of promoting kinesiology and sports in the community of Hong Kong and the reality. In addition, this article will explain the causes of Hong Kong residents’ lack of physical exercise, so as to point in the direction of effective remedies for this issue. Finally, this paper will give policy and practice recommendations for promoting kinesiology and sports in the community of Hong Kong.
Keywords: promoting kinesiology and sports in the community; direct sports participation; indirect sports participation; lack of physical activity/exercise
Physical Education in Hong Kong in the 21st Century - Siu Yin CHEUNG
Siu Yin CHEUNG
Professor, Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University
【Abstract】Education reform in Hong Kong has created a new physical education curriculum for the 21st century which includes General Physical Education and the new Senior Secondary Physical Education as elective subjects for the new Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE) Examination. Physical education is one of the key learning areas in the curriculum and is a compulsory program in both primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong. With its slogan “to educate students through physical activities,” the new physical education curriculum not only focuses on sporting skills: the development of generic skills, positive values, and attitudes is also emphasized. Being an elective subject of the HKDSE, the result of the physical education examination is counted for admission to post-secondary institutions in Hong Kong. This is a milestone in the development and promotion of physical education curriculum in Hong Kong.
Keywords: Hong Kong; physical education; senior secondary elective subject; generic skills
Professor, Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University
【Abstract】Education reform in Hong Kong has created a new physical education curriculum for the 21st century which includes General Physical Education and the new Senior Secondary Physical Education as elective subjects for the new Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE) Examination. Physical education is one of the key learning areas in the curriculum and is a compulsory program in both primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong. With its slogan “to educate students through physical activities,” the new physical education curriculum not only focuses on sporting skills: the development of generic skills, positive values, and attitudes is also emphasized. Being an elective subject of the HKDSE, the result of the physical education examination is counted for admission to post-secondary institutions in Hong Kong. This is a milestone in the development and promotion of physical education curriculum in Hong Kong.
Keywords: Hong Kong; physical education; senior secondary elective subject; generic skills
Building Community and Positive Youth through Sports Participation: A Brief Review and Suggestions for Hong Kong Sports Service Providers - Wai Chi YIP
Wai Chi YIP
Sports Manager, Community Team Sports, The Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups
【Abstract】Society has labelled young people as dissatisfied with society. Yet promoting sports among youngsters can help develop positive youth. In the long run, sports help improve physical and psychological health. Sports can also help build community, for example by generating economic benefits and reducing public health expenditure by lowering rates of disease. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how sports participation can effect positive change in youth and the community, and to suggest how to plan a sports program based on sport-for-development theory that can foster positive outcomes.
Keywords: positive youth development; community development; community and sports
Sports Manager, Community Team Sports, The Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups
【Abstract】Society has labelled young people as dissatisfied with society. Yet promoting sports among youngsters can help develop positive youth. In the long run, sports help improve physical and psychological health. Sports can also help build community, for example by generating economic benefits and reducing public health expenditure by lowering rates of disease. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how sports participation can effect positive change in youth and the community, and to suggest how to plan a sports program based on sport-for-development theory that can foster positive outcomes.
Keywords: positive youth development; community development; community and sports
Safeguarding Children’s Rights in Competitive Sport - Trisha LEAHY
Trisha LEAHY
Chief Executive, The Hong Kong Sports Institute
【Abstract】Given the well-researched and widely recognized public health benefits of physically active and sporting lifestyles, sport development constitutes an important policy priority in many countries. Recent documenting of abuse and violence in sport has led to a more considered focus on regulatory processes in sport and children’s rights and welfare needs as participants in sports systems. Child abuse exists in all societies and is a widespread and complex social problem. It is inevitable that the sports sector must also deal with this phenomenon. The importance of clear safeguarding systems is fundamental to our goals of promoting youth wellness through sports and is an important part of good governance for sports organizations. Safeguarding concerns keeping children who participate in sport safe from abuse and protecting them from people who may intend to do them harm. In this article I will provide a review of the role and responsibility of sports organizations and personnel in promoting safeguarding, and provide examples of policies and procedures that can maximize safety and minimize risk.
Keywords: safeguarding; youth sport; abuse prevention; child protection policy
Chief Executive, The Hong Kong Sports Institute
【Abstract】Given the well-researched and widely recognized public health benefits of physically active and sporting lifestyles, sport development constitutes an important policy priority in many countries. Recent documenting of abuse and violence in sport has led to a more considered focus on regulatory processes in sport and children’s rights and welfare needs as participants in sports systems. Child abuse exists in all societies and is a widespread and complex social problem. It is inevitable that the sports sector must also deal with this phenomenon. The importance of clear safeguarding systems is fundamental to our goals of promoting youth wellness through sports and is an important part of good governance for sports organizations. Safeguarding concerns keeping children who participate in sport safe from abuse and protecting them from people who may intend to do them harm. In this article I will provide a review of the role and responsibility of sports organizations and personnel in promoting safeguarding, and provide examples of policies and procedures that can maximize safety and minimize risk.
Keywords: safeguarding; youth sport; abuse prevention; child protection policy
Exercise and Diet: Healthy Lifestyle of Adolescents - Cora WONG
Cora WONG
Manager / Registered Dietitian, St. James’ Settlement - Community Nutrition Services and Education Center
Manager / Registered Dietitian, St. James’ Settlement - Community Nutrition Services and Education Center
Pan-Chinese Societies Exchange Social Innovation: Roles and Opportunities for Youngsters
The Roles and Challenges of Taiwan Youth in Social Enterprises and Innovation - Chang-Tay CHIOU
Chang-Tay CHIOU
Professor, Department of Social and Policy Sciences, Yuan Ze University
【Abstract】Young people in Taiwan have been facing the problems of low salaries and a low employment rate in recent years. A group of radical college students launched the well-known “Sunflower Student Movement” in 2014, and shocked the Taiwan society. Since then, youth policy has been prioritised among the public issues on the government’s policy agenda. Among the policy actions issued by government, social enterprises and innovation is the most popular one in youngsters. The Executive Yuan announced the year of 2014 as the “the era of social enterprise”. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the background and development of social enterprise and innovation in Taiwan. What is the role of young people in the process of social innovation? What are the challenges they encounter?
Keywords: social enterprises; public interest corporation; social innovation; entrepreneurship; nonprofit organization
Professor, Department of Social and Policy Sciences, Yuan Ze University
【Abstract】Young people in Taiwan have been facing the problems of low salaries and a low employment rate in recent years. A group of radical college students launched the well-known “Sunflower Student Movement” in 2014, and shocked the Taiwan society. Since then, youth policy has been prioritised among the public issues on the government’s policy agenda. Among the policy actions issued by government, social enterprises and innovation is the most popular one in youngsters. The Executive Yuan announced the year of 2014 as the “the era of social enterprise”. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the background and development of social enterprise and innovation in Taiwan. What is the role of young people in the process of social innovation? What are the challenges they encounter?
Keywords: social enterprises; public interest corporation; social innovation; entrepreneurship; nonprofit organization
Maker’s Education: A New Direction for Chinese Youth to Participate in Social Innovation - Michael WANG
Michael WANG
Researcher, Shenzhen Innovation Corporate Social Responsibility Development Center
【Abstract】In recent years, various industries are moving towards social innovation in Mainland China, including in the field of education. The target of maker’s education is training students in the skills of innovation and creativity, and it has become a feasible path for youth in Mainland China to participate in social innovation. This paper will introduce the development of maker’s education in mainland China, and put forward some experience and suggestions by the Shenzhen Innovation Corporate Social Responsibility Development Center (CSRDC) in promoting maker’s education.
Keywords: social innovation; maker’s education; experience; suggestion
Researcher, Shenzhen Innovation Corporate Social Responsibility Development Center
【Abstract】In recent years, various industries are moving towards social innovation in Mainland China, including in the field of education. The target of maker’s education is training students in the skills of innovation and creativity, and it has become a feasible path for youth in Mainland China to participate in social innovation. This paper will introduce the development of maker’s education in mainland China, and put forward some experience and suggestions by the Shenzhen Innovation Corporate Social Responsibility Development Center (CSRDC) in promoting maker’s education.
Keywords: social innovation; maker’s education; experience; suggestion
The Roles of and Opportunities for Youths in Social Innovation in Hong Kong - Timothy K. H. MA
Timothy K. H. MA
Vice-chairman, General Chamber of Social Enterprise
Board member, Social Entrepreneurship Forum
【Abstract】This paper explores the various roles of and opportunities for youths in social innovation in Hong Kong. The paper also explores the possible barriers or obstacles the youths face on their path of social innovation and development. By means of six cases from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong, we illustrate how social innovation grows from a concept to a social business. Lastly, the paper also suggests ways that the entire of Hong Kong (including the Hong Kong SAR government, parents and existing social sectors) can contribute to the creation of more opportunities for our youths to have a more active involvement in social innovation.
Keywords: social Innovation; youth role; examples of social innovation among youngsters in Hong Kong, Taiwan and China; obstacles in social innovation
Vice-chairman, General Chamber of Social Enterprise
Board member, Social Entrepreneurship Forum
【Abstract】This paper explores the various roles of and opportunities for youths in social innovation in Hong Kong. The paper also explores the possible barriers or obstacles the youths face on their path of social innovation and development. By means of six cases from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong, we illustrate how social innovation grows from a concept to a social business. Lastly, the paper also suggests ways that the entire of Hong Kong (including the Hong Kong SAR government, parents and existing social sectors) can contribute to the creation of more opportunities for our youths to have a more active involvement in social innovation.
Keywords: social Innovation; youth role; examples of social innovation among youngsters in Hong Kong, Taiwan and China; obstacles in social innovation
Professional Exchange
A Study of Parental Support for Junior Secondary School Students’ Musical Activities in Hong Kong - Siu Hang KONG
Siu Hang KONG
PhD candidate, Department of Music, Hong Kong Baptist University
【Abstract】This study explores how students in Hong Kong perceive the influence of parental support and parental cultural capital on their participation in musical activities. A survey questionnaire was distributed to students attending grades seven to nine at eight Hong Kong secondary schools in the early summer of 2015. The findings from that survey, based on the 1,433 valid questionnaires that were returned, show that parents’ cultural background informed their support of their children’s musical activities, and could, in turn, enhance cultivation of students’ cultural capital. Students in the study also perceived parental encouragement to be more important to their musical activities than the possession of musical competence and knowledge. This study provides a nuanced perspective on the interplay between parental cultural capital and parental support, and students’ perception of the influence of parental support on their participation in musical activities in the Hong Kong context.
Keywords: cultural capital; parental support; musical activity; junior secondary school student; Hong Kong
PhD candidate, Department of Music, Hong Kong Baptist University
【Abstract】This study explores how students in Hong Kong perceive the influence of parental support and parental cultural capital on their participation in musical activities. A survey questionnaire was distributed to students attending grades seven to nine at eight Hong Kong secondary schools in the early summer of 2015. The findings from that survey, based on the 1,433 valid questionnaires that were returned, show that parents’ cultural background informed their support of their children’s musical activities, and could, in turn, enhance cultivation of students’ cultural capital. Students in the study also perceived parental encouragement to be more important to their musical activities than the possession of musical competence and knowledge. This study provides a nuanced perspective on the interplay between parental cultural capital and parental support, and students’ perception of the influence of parental support on their participation in musical activities in the Hong Kong context.
Keywords: cultural capital; parental support; musical activity; junior secondary school student; Hong Kong
Family factors and Party Identification of Undergraduates: Based on the Data of a University in Beijing - Warrior CHAI BoWen XU XiXi JIA
Warrior CHAI
The director of Department of Public Administration, Associate Professor, China Youth University of Politica lStudies
BoWen XU XiXi JIA
Undergraduates of political science and administration, China Youth University of Political Studies
【Abstract】Party identification is the outcome of political socialization, and the family is the most important place for political socialization. This article investigates the relationship between family factors and party identification of university students in China, through defining party identification, family factors and so on; and collecting first-handed data from university students. From the data, we find that there is a positive relationship between the political background, educational level of family members and a student’s recognition of a political party. On the other hand, the findings show a negative relationship between a family’s income and a student’s recognition of a political party. The results contribute to a basic understanding on party identification. Keywords: party identification; family factors; characteristics; high school
The director of Department of Public Administration, Associate Professor, China Youth University of Politica lStudies
BoWen XU XiXi JIA
Undergraduates of political science and administration, China Youth University of Political Studies
【Abstract】Party identification is the outcome of political socialization, and the family is the most important place for political socialization. This article investigates the relationship between family factors and party identification of university students in China, through defining party identification, family factors and so on; and collecting first-handed data from university students. From the data, we find that there is a positive relationship between the political background, educational level of family members and a student’s recognition of a political party. On the other hand, the findings show a negative relationship between a family’s income and a student’s recognition of a political party. The results contribute to a basic understanding on party identification. Keywords: party identification; family factors; characteristics; high school
The Teen Model and Beauty Myth: A Discourse Analysis - Ka Chun SHIU
Ka Chun SHIU
Lecturer, Department of Social Work and Associate Director, Centre for Youth Research and Practice, Hong Kong Baptist University
【Abstract】The prevalent approach in Hong Kong’s discourse on teen models simply overlooks the constructive dimension of this new phenomenon. This reductive and essentialist approach to the issues of teen models, in the author’s view, provides only a one-sided view on the moral and cultural controversies surrounding teen models. Following concepts in feminist studies and a discourse analysis, this essay explores the phenomenon of teen models and the beauty myth. Lastly, this essay shows that the politics of monoculture is an important element in the life of teenage girls.
Keywords: teen model; beauty myth; discourse analysis
Lecturer, Department of Social Work and Associate Director, Centre for Youth Research and Practice, Hong Kong Baptist University
【Abstract】The prevalent approach in Hong Kong’s discourse on teen models simply overlooks the constructive dimension of this new phenomenon. This reductive and essentialist approach to the issues of teen models, in the author’s view, provides only a one-sided view on the moral and cultural controversies surrounding teen models. Following concepts in feminist studies and a discourse analysis, this essay explores the phenomenon of teen models and the beauty myth. Lastly, this essay shows that the politics of monoculture is an important element in the life of teenage girls.
Keywords: teen model; beauty myth; discourse analysis